DOWA HOLDINGS Co., Ltd. engages in the management of its group companies involved in recycling, mining, and smelting. It operates through the following segments: Environmental Management and Recycling, Nonferrous Metals, Electronic Materials, Metal Processing, Heat Treatment, and Others. The Environmental Management and Recycling segment covers waste disposal, resource recycling, soil remediation, and logistics. The Nonferrous Metals segment includes copper, zinc, lead, gold, silver, zinc alloys, platinum, palladium, rhodium, indium, sulfuric acid, tin, antimony, and other materials. The Electronic Materials segment manufactures and sells pure metal materials, compound semiconductor wafers, light emitting diode (LED), conductive materials, battery materials, magnetic materials, and reduced iron powder. The Metal Processing segment provides brass and copper alloy strips, electroplated products, brass rods, and circuit boards, The Heat Treatment segment deals with the manufacture, sale,